Our Blog
Celts and Greek Influences
Originally published 11/2006.
Celts and Greek Influences
The Hallstatt site as one of the important finds in Celtic archaeology. The Hallstatt period covered roughly 12 B.C. to 475 B.C. It is unclear whether the earlier Hallstatt peoples were actually Celtic language speakers, but by the period ranging from about 800-600 B.C. or the early Iron Age, references to these peoples as Celtic language speakers begin appearing in Classical texts:
“The Danube traverses the whole of Europe, rising among the Celts… (who) dwell beyond the Pillars of Hercules, being the neighbors of the Cynesii, who are the westernmost of all nations inhabititing Europe.” -Herodotus, “Histories”, 4, 49 and 2, 33
Although not much is truly known about these people, it is clear that they had begun mining and working iron, and had developed a network of chiefdoms supported by hill forts scattered near the headwaters of the major rivers of Europe. A good deal of what we know about these people comes from the burial mounds that they built some of which included spectacular locally made artifacts as well clear evidence of trade with the Greeks.
In 1953 a noblewoman’s burial was found beneath a cairn near Mont Lassoix, France. She was laid to rest on the chassis of a wagon or cart, the wheels of which were leaning against the wall of the burial chamber. Among the other grave goods were bronze bowls and an elegant torq made from a full pound of gold as well as a number of wine drinking artifacts.
The most spectacular artifact was a bronze krater 5 feet, 4 inches high . It was decorated with Greek warriors and chariots, and is believed to have been manufactured in Sparta, or Greek-controlled southern Italy. A krater was a large vase used to mix wine and water. At Greek social functions the krater was placed in the center of the room and the wine-water mixture would be withdrawn from the Krater with other vessels. Grapes were not grown north of the Alps at this time, but it seems that some Celtic nobles had adopted the imported wine, drinking paraphernalia, and customs of the Greeks and Etruscans.
Because of the presence of such Greek import items, it was presumed by some that contact with the “superior” Classical world influenced and changed the “barbarian” Celts. -That the “light of civilization” helped them develop into more centralized chiefdoms or kingdoms. But such Greek artifacts are very localized in their appearance, and rare outside of the hill forts and upper-class graves.
Thus, it is likely that such imports were luxury items owned by a small, wealthy portion of the population. A more current theory is that the Celts were developing more centralized chiefdoms more as a result of internal pressures. Interactions with the Greeks may have influenced the growth of chiefdoms. But that it was the development of small kingdoms or even proto-states is what allowed a wealthy class to adopt Greek luxury imports and/or practices.
Fellow Scotsman? Check out some of our products!
- Whether you’re walking in the park or accessorizing for the Highland Games, the Tartan Tam—Spring Weight is an unmistakably Celtic accessory
- Add a splash of tartan without getting too hot—these tams’ spring weight means a mere 8 ounces of premium wool
- Endlessly versatile, these unisex tams are one-size-fits-all with an elastic headband. Choose from over 500 tartans
- Made custom just for you and shipped directly from Scotland for genuine authenticity—please expect 6 to 10 weeks for delivery
- Display your unique identity with the Celtic knot design border and Freemason square and compass symbol and is a great gift a special Freemason
- Cast brass kilt belt buckle with eye-catching chrome-plated finish
- Sturdy and solid construction and compatible with any standard kilt belt (2.25 inches wide)
- Measures 3.75 inches x 2.75 inches and is large enough to make a statement but not bulky
- The OUTLANDER 5 Yard Authentic Premium Wool Kilt is custom-made from medium-weight (12/13 oz.) 100% premium wool tartan.
- This tartan–woven in Scotland–is an officially-licensed piece, making it ideal for OUTLANDER fans who value authenticity.
- Ensure an elegant, tailored fit with our Right Fit™ Guarantee. Our seamstresses here in Minnesota hand-craft this kilt to your measurements (so please allow 2-4 weeks for delivery!).
- Fully lined, it features straps, buckles, and belt loops.
- Made in Scotland and adorned with the Claddagh symbol representing love, loyalty, and friendship
- Perfect match for your favorite Irish kilt and measures 3.5 inches x 1-inch
- Cast in brass and plated with real silver with a vintage feel with its antiqued finish
- Great gift for someone special in your life or a nice treat for yourself